The analgesic effect of oral delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), morphine, and a THC-morphine combination in healthy subjects under experimental pain conditions
by
Naef M, Curatolo M, Petersen-Felix S,
Arendt-Nielsen L, Zbinden A, Brenneisen R.
Department of Clinical Research,
University of Bern,
Murtenstrasse 35, CH-3010,
Bern, Switzerland
Pain. 2003 Sep;105(1-2):79-88.
ABSTRACTFrom folk medicine and anecdotal reports it is known that Cannabis may reduce pain. In animal studies it has been shown that delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) has antinociceptive effects or potentiates the antinociceptive effect of morphine. The aim of this study was to measure the analgesic effect of THC, morphine, and a THC-morphine combination (THC-morphine) in humans using experimental pain models. THC (20 mg), morphine (30 mg), THC-morphine (20 mg THC+30 mg morphine), or placebo were given orally and as single doses. Twelve healthy volunteers were included in the randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, crossover study. The experimental pain tests (order randomized) were heat, cold, pressure, single and repeated transcutaneous electrical stimulation. Additionally, reaction time, side-effects (visual analog scales), and vital functions were monitored. For the pharmacokinetic profiling, blood samples were collected. THC did not significantly reduce pain. In the cold and heat tests it even produced hyperalgesia, which was completely neutralized by THC-morphine. A slight additive analgesic effect could be observed for THC-morphine in the electrical stimulation test. No analgesic effect resulted in the pressure and heat test, neither with THC nor THC-morphine. Psychotropic and somatic side-effects (sleepiness, euphoria, anxiety, confusion, nausea, dizziness, etc.) were common, but usually mild.THC
Bliss
Aerosol
Memory
Morphine
Anandamide
Just say know
Tolerant mice
Forgetful rodents
Endocannabinoids
Stoned as a newt?
The nectar of delight
Stoned chocaholics?
Cannabis Abuse Disorder
Cannabis for pain control
Cannabinoids, cannabidiol, nabilone and THC01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15
Refs
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